Literals

Literal values represent fixed values. These can be any of the 'standard' data types. For information about data types, see Data types.

Syntax rules

  • Integer values will be assigned an integral data type big enough to hold the value (integer, long, or biginteger).

  • Floating point values will always be parsed as a double.

  • The keyword 'null' is used to represent an absent or unknown value and is inherently untyped. In many cases, a null literal value will be assigned an implied type based on context. For example, in the function '5 + null', the null value will be assigned the type 'integer' to match the type of the value '5'. A null literal used in the SELECT clause of a query with no implied context will be assigned to type 'string'.

Some examples of simple literal values are:

'abc'
Example: Escaped single tick
'isn"t true'
5
Example: Scientific notation
-37.75e01
Example: exact numeric type BigDecimal
100.0
true
false
Example: Unicode character
'\u0027'
Example: Binary
X'0F0A'

Date/Time literals can use either JDBC Escaped literal syntax:

Example: Date literal
{d'...'}
Example: Time literal
{t'...'}
Example: Timestamp literal
{ts'...'}

Or the ANSI keyword syntax:

Example: Date literal
DATE '...'
Example: Time literal
TIME '...'
Example: Timestamp literal
TIMESTAMP '...'

Either way, the string literal value portion of the expression is expected to follow the defined format - "yyyy-MM-dd" for date, "hh:mm:ss" for time, and "yyyy-MM-dd[ hh:mm:ss[.fff…]]" for timestamp.

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