DDL Metadata

DDL Metadata can be used instead of or in addition to metadata defined by Teiid Designer.

Table of Contents

DDL Metadata in VDB Models
BNF notation for the Metadata
Create FOREIGN Table
Create View
- CONSTRAINTS
- INSTEAD OF TRIGGERS
Create Procedure/Function
Options
ALTER Statement
- ALTER COLUMN
- ALTER OPTION
Data Types
Namespaces for Extension Metadata
- Built-in Namespace Prefixes
Full Example showing above DDL based metadata

DDL Metadata in VDB Models

Starting with Teiid 8.0, a VDB can define models/schemas using DDL. Here is small example of how one can define a View inside the "-vdb.xml" file. See the <metadata> element under <model>.

Example to show view definition

<model visible = "true" type = "VIRTUAL" name = "customers">
     <metadata type = "DDL"><![CDATA[
              CREATE VIEW PARTS (
                   PART_ID integer PRIMARY KEY,
                   PART_NAME varchar(255),
                   PART_COLOR varchar(30),
                   PART_WEIGHT varchar(255)
               ) AS
                  select a.id as PART_ID, a.name as PART_NAME, b.color as PART_COLOR, b.weight as PART_WEIGHT from modelA.part a, modelB.part b where a.id = b.id
     ]]>
     </metadata>
</model>

Another complete DDL based example is at the end of this section.

Note

Metadata Repositories - The declaration of metadata using DDL, NATIVE, or DDL-FILE is supported out of the box, however the MetadataRepository interface allows users to plug-in their own metadata facilities. For example, you can write a Hibernate based store that can feed the necessary metadata. See Custom Metadata Repository for more information.

Note	Metadata for Source Models - The DDL based schema is not constrained to be defined only for the view models.

BNF notation for the Metadata

Note	Grammar Reference - The full grammar for DDL can be found in the BNF for SQL Grammar.

Create FOREIGN Table

A FOREIGN table is table that is defined on PHYSICAL model that represents a real relational table in source databases like Oracle, SQLServer etc. For relational databases, Teiid has capability to automatically retrieve the database schema information upon the deployment of the VDB, if one like to auto import the existing schema. However, user can use below FOREIGN table semantics, when they would like to explicitly define tables on PHYSICAL models or represent non-relational data as relational in custom translators.

images/create_table.jpg

Example:Create Foreign Table(Created on PHYSICAL model)

CREATE FOREIGN TABLE Customer (id integer PRIMARY KEY, firstname varchar(25), lastname varchar(25),  dob timestamp);

CREATE FOREIGN TABLE Order (id integer PRIMARY KEY, customerid integer, saledate date, amount decimal(25,4), CONSTRAINT CUSTOMER_FK FOREGIN KEY(customerid) REFERENCES Customer(id));

Create View

A view is a virtual table. A view contains rows and columns,like a real table. The fields in a view are fields from one or more real tables from the source or other view models. They can also be expressions made up multiple columns, or aggregated columns. When column definitions are not defined on the view table, they will be derived from the projected columns of the view’s select transformation that is defined after the AS keyword.

You can add functions, JOIN statements and WHERE clauses to a view data as if the data were coming from one single table.

images/create_view.jpg

TABLE/VIEW OPTIONS: (the below are well known options, any others properties defined will be considered as extension metadata)

Property	Data Type or Allowed Values	Description
UUID	string	Unique identifier for View
MATERIALIZED	'TRUE'\|'FALSE'	Defines if a table is materialized
MATERIALIZED_TABLE	'table.name'	If this view is being materialized to a external database, this defines the name of the table that is being materialized to
CARDINALITY	int	Costing information. Number of rows in the table. Used for planning purposes
UPDATABLE	'TRUE'\|'FALSE'	Defines if the view is allowed to update or not
ANNOTATION	string	Description of the view
DETERMINISM	NONDETERMINISTIC, COMMAND_DETERMINISTIC, SESSION_DETERMINISTIC, USER_DETERMINISTIC, VDB_DETERMINISTIC, DETERMINISTIC	Only checked on source tables

Property

Data Type or Allowed Values

Description

UUID

string

Unique identifier for View

MATERIALIZED

'TRUE'|'FALSE'

Defines if a table is materialized

MATERIALIZED_TABLE

'table.name'

If this view is being materialized to a external database, this defines the name of the table that is being materialized to

CARDINALITY

int

Costing information. Number of rows in the table. Used for planning purposes

UPDATABLE

'TRUE'|'FALSE'

Defines if the view is allowed to update or not

ANNOTATION

string

Description of the view

DETERMINISM

NONDETERMINISTIC, COMMAND_DETERMINISTIC, SESSION_DETERMINISTIC, USER_DETERMINISTIC, VDB_DETERMINISTIC, DETERMINISTIC

Only checked on source tables

Example:Create View Table(Created on VIRTUAL model)

CREATE VIEW CustomerOrders (name varchar(50),  saledate date, amount decimal) OPTIONS (CARDINALITY 100, ANNOTATION 'Example')
  AS
  SELECT concat(c.firstname, c.lastname) as name, o.saledate as saledate, o.amount as amount FROM Customer C JOIN Order o ON c.id = o.customerid;

images/create_column.jpg

COLUMN OPTIONS: (the below are well known options, any others properties defined will be considered as extension metadata)

Property	Data Type or Allowed Values	Description
UUID	string	A unique identifier for the column
NAMEINSOURCE	string	If this is a column name on the FOREIGN table, this value represents name of the column in source database, if omitted the column name is used when querying for data against the source
CASE_SENSITIVE	'TRUE'\|'FALSE'
SELECTABLE	'TRUE'\|'FALSE'	TRUE when this column is available for selection from the user query
UPDATABLE	'TRUE'\|'FALSE'	Defines if the column is updatable. Defaults to true if the view/table is updatable.
SIGNED	'TRUE'\|'FALSE'
CURRENCY	'TRUE'\|'FALSE'
FIXED_LENGTH	'TRUE'\|'FALSE'
SEARCHABLE	'SEARCHABLE'\|'UNSEARCHABLE'\|'LIKE_ONLY'\|'ALL_EXCEPT_LIKE'	column searchability, usually dictated by the data type
MIN_VALUE
MAX_VALUE
CHAR_OCTET_LENGTH	integer
ANNOTATION	string
NATIVE_TYPE	string
RADIX	integer
NULL_VALUE_COUNT	long	costing information. Number of NULLS in this column
DISTINCT_VALUES	long	costing information. Number of distinct values in this column

Property

Data Type or Allowed Values

Description

UUID

string

A unique identifier for the column

NAMEINSOURCE

string

If this is a column name on the FOREIGN table, this value represents name of the column in source database, if omitted the column name is used when querying for data against the source

CASE_SENSITIVE

'TRUE'|'FALSE'

SELECTABLE

'TRUE'|'FALSE'

TRUE when this column is available for selection from the user query

UPDATABLE

'TRUE'|'FALSE'

Defines if the column is updatable. Defaults to true if the view/table is updatable.

SIGNED

'TRUE'|'FALSE'

CURRENCY

'TRUE'|'FALSE'

FIXED_LENGTH

'TRUE'|'FALSE'

SEARCHABLE

'SEARCHABLE'|'UNSEARCHABLE'|'LIKE_ONLY'|'ALL_EXCEPT_LIKE'

column searchability, usually dictated by the data type

MIN_VALUE

MAX_VALUE

CHAR_OCTET_LENGTH

integer

ANNOTATION

string

NATIVE_TYPE

string

RADIX

integer

NULL_VALUE_COUNT

long

costing information. Number of NULLS in this column

DISTINCT_VALUES

long

costing information. Number of distinct values in this column

Columns may also be marked as NOT NULL, auto_increment, and with a DEFAULT value. Currently only string values are supported as the default value. To have the string interpreted as an expression use the extension property teiid_rel:default_handling set to expression.

A column of type bigdecimal/decimal/numeric can be declared without a precision/scale which will default to an internal maximum for precision with half scale, or with a precision which will default to a scale of 0.

CONSTRAINTS

Constraints can be defined on table/view to define indexes and relationships to other tables/views. This information is used by the Teiid optimizer to plan queries or use the indexes in materialization tables to optimize the access to the data.

images/constraint.jpg

CONSTRAINTS are same as one can define on RDBMS.

Example of CONSTRAINTs

CREATE VIEW CustomerOrders (name varchar(50),  saledate date, amount decimal,
   CONSTRAINT EXAMPLE_INDEX INDEX (name, amount),
   ACCESSPATTERN (name),
   PRIMARY KEY ...

INSTEAD OF TRIGGERS

A view comprising multiple base tables must use an INSTEAD OF trigger to support inserts, updates and deletes that reference data in the tables. Based on the select transformation’s complexity some times INSTEAD OF TRIGGERS are automatically provided for the user when "UPDATABLE" OPTION on the view is set to "TRUE". However, using the CREATE TRIGGER mechanism user can provide/override the default behavior.

images/create_trigger.jpg

Example:Define instead of trigger on View

CREATE TRIGGER ON CustomerOrders INSTEAD OF INSERT AS
   FOR EACH ROW
   BEGIN ATOMIC
   INSERT INTO Customer (...) VALUES (NEW.value ...);
   END

Create Procedure/Function

Using the below syntax, user can define a

Source Procedure ("CREATE FOREIGN PROCEDURE") - a stored procedure in source
Source Function ("CREATE FOREIGN FUNCTION") - A function that is supported by the source, where Teiid will pushdown to source instead of evaluating in Teiid engine
Virtual Procedure ("CREATE VIRTUAL PROCEDURE") - Similar to stored procedure, however this is defined using the Teiid’s Procedure language and evaluated in the Teiid’s engine.
Function/UDF ("CREATE VIRTUAL FUNCTION") - A user defined function, that can be defined using the Teiid procedure language or can have the implementation defined using a JAVA Class.

images/create_procedure.jpg

See the full grammar for create function/procedure in the BNF for SQL Grammar.

Variable Argument Support

Instead of using just an IN parameter, the last non optional parameter can be declared VARIADIC to indicate that it can be repeated 0 or more times when the procedure is called

Example:Vararg procedure

CREATE FOREIGN PROCEDURE proc (x integer, VARIADIC z integer) returns (x string);

FUNCTION OPTIONS:(the below are well known options, any others properties defined will be considered as extension metadata)

Property	Data Type or Allowed Values	Description
UUID	string	unique Identifier
NAMEINSOURCE	If this is source function/procedure the name in the physical source, if different from the logical name given above
ANNOTATION	string	Description of the function/procedure
CATEGORY	string	Function Category
DETERMINISM	NONDETERMINISTIC, COMMAND_DETERMINISTIC, SESSION_DETERMINISTIC, USER_DETERMINISTIC, VDB_DETERMINISTIC, DETERMINISTIC	Not used on virtual procedures
NULL-ON-NULL	'TRUE'\|'FALSE'
JAVA_CLASS	string	Java Class that defines the method in case of UDF
JAVA_METHOD	string	The Java method name on the above defined java class for the UDF implementation
VARARGS	'TRUE'\|'FALSE'	Indicates that the last argument of the function can be repeated 0 to any number of times. default false. It is more proper to use a VARIADIC parameter.
AGGREGATE	'TRUE'\|'FALSE'	Indicates the function is a user defined aggregate function. Properties specific to aggregates are listed below.

Property

Data Type or Allowed Values

Description

UUID

string

unique Identifier

NAMEINSOURCE

If this is source function/procedure the name in the physical source, if different from the logical name given above

ANNOTATION

string

Description of the function/procedure

CATEGORY

string

Function Category

DETERMINISM

NONDETERMINISTIC, COMMAND_DETERMINISTIC, SESSION_DETERMINISTIC, USER_DETERMINISTIC, VDB_DETERMINISTIC, DETERMINISTIC

Not used on virtual procedures

NULL-ON-NULL

'TRUE'|'FALSE'

JAVA_CLASS

string

Java Class that defines the method in case of UDF

JAVA_METHOD

string

The Java method name on the above defined java class for the UDF implementation

VARARGS

'TRUE'|'FALSE'

Indicates that the last argument of the function can be repeated 0 to any number of times. default false. It is more proper to use a VARIADIC parameter.

AGGREGATE

'TRUE'|'FALSE'

Indicates the function is a user defined aggregate function. Properties specific to aggregates are listed below.

Note that NULL-ON-NULL, VARARGS, and all of the AGGREGATE properties are also valid relational extension metadata properties that can be used on source procedures marked as functions. See also Source Supported Functions for creating FOREIGN functions that are supported by a source.

AGGREGATE FUNCTION OPTIONS:

Property	Data Type or Allowed Values	Description
ANALYTIC	'TRUE'\|'FALSE'	indicates the aggregate function must be windowed. default false.
ALLOWS-ORDERBY	'TRUE'\|'FALSE'	indicates the aggregate function supports an ORDER BY clause. default false
ALLOWS-DISTINCT	'TRUE'\|'FALSE'	indicates the aggregate function supports the DISTINCT keyword. default false
DECOMPOSABLE	'TRUE'\|'FALSE'	indicates the single argument aggregate function can be decomposed as agg(agg(x) ) over subsets of data. default false
USES-DISTINCT-ROWS	'TRUE'\|'FALSE'	indicates the aggregate function effectively uses distinct rows rather than all rows. default false

Property

Data Type or Allowed Values

Description

ANALYTIC

'TRUE'|'FALSE'

indicates the aggregate function must be windowed. default false.

ALLOWS-ORDERBY

'TRUE'|'FALSE'

indicates the aggregate function supports an ORDER BY clause. default false

ALLOWS-DISTINCT

'TRUE'|'FALSE'

indicates the aggregate function supports the DISTINCT keyword. default false

DECOMPOSABLE

'TRUE'|'FALSE'

indicates the single argument aggregate function can be decomposed as agg(agg(x) ) over subsets of data. default false

USES-DISTINCT-ROWS

'TRUE'|'FALSE'

indicates the aggregate function effectively uses distinct rows rather than all rows. default false

Note that virtual functions defined using the Teiid procedure language cannot be aggregate functions.

Note	Providing the JAR libraries - If you have defined a UDF (virtual) function without a Teiid procedure deinition, then it must be accompanied by its implementation in Java. To configure the Java library as dependency to the VDB, see Support for User-Defined Functions

PROCEDURE OPTIONS:(the below are well known options, any others properties defined will be considered as extension metadata)

Property	Data Type or Allowed Values	Description
UUID	string	Unique Identifier
NAMEINSOURCE	string	In the case of source
ANNOTATION	string	Description of the procedure
UPDATECOUNT	int	if this procedure updates the underlying sources, what is the update count, when update count is >1 the XA protocol for execution is enforced

Property

Data Type or Allowed Values

Description

UUID

string

Unique Identifier

NAMEINSOURCE

string

In the case of source

ANNOTATION

string

Description of the procedure

UPDATECOUNT

int

if this procedure updates the underlying sources, what is the update count, when update count is >1 the XA protocol for execution is enforced

Example:Define Procedure

CREATE VIRTUAL PROCEDURE CustomerActivity(customerid integer) RETURNS (name varchar(25), activitydate date, amount decimal) AS
   BEGIN
   ...
   END

Example:Define Virtual Function

CREATE VIRTUAL FUNCTION CustomerRank(customerid integer) RETURNS integer AS
   BEGIN
   ...
   END

Procedure columns may also be marked as NOT NULL, or with a DEFAULT value. Currently only string values are supported as the default value. To have the string interpreted as an expression use the extension property teiid_rel:default_handling set to expression. On a source procedure if you want the parameter to be defaultable in the source procedure and not supply a default value in Teiid, then the parameter must be nullable and use the extension property teiid_rel:default_handling set to omit.

There can only be a single RESULT parameter and it must be an out parameter. A RESULT parameter is the same as having a single non-table RETURNS type. If both are declared they are expected to match otherwise an exception is thrown. One is no more correct than the other. "RETURNS type" is shorter hand syntax especially for functions, while the parameter form is useful for additional metadata (explicit name, extension metadata, also defining a returns table, etc.)

Relational Extension OPTIONS:

Property	Data Type or Allowed Values	Description
native-query	Parameterized String	Applies to both functions and procedures. The replacement for the function syntax rather than the standard prefix form with parens. See also Translators#native
non-prepared	boolean	Applies to JDBC procedures using the native-query option. If true a PreparedStatement will not be used to execute the native query.

Property

Data Type or Allowed Values

Description

native-query

Parameterized String

Applies to both functions and procedures. The replacement for the function syntax rather than the standard prefix form with parens. See also Translators#native

non-prepared

boolean

Applies to JDBC procedures using the native-query option. If true a PreparedStatement will not be used to execute the native query.

Example:Native Query

CREATE FOREIGN FUNCTION func (x integer, y integer) returns integer OPTIONS ("teiid_rel:native-query" '$1 << $2');

Example:Sequence Native Query

CREATE FOREIGN FUNCTION seq_nextval () returns integer OPTIONS ("teiid_rel:native-query" 'seq.nextval');

Tip	Until Teiid provides higher-level metadata support for sequences, a source function representation is the best fit to expose sequence functionality.

Options

images/create_options.jpg

Note	Any option name of the form prefix:key will attempt to be resolved against the current set of namespaces. Failure to resolve will result in the option name being left as is. A resolved name will be replaced with {uri}key. See also Namespaces for Extension Metadata.

Options can also be added using the ALTER statement. See ALTER stmt.

ALTER Statement

ALTER statements currently primarily supports adding OPTIONS properties to Tables, Views and Procedures. Using a ALTER statement, you can either add, modify or remove a property.

images/alter.png

ALTER COLUMN

images/alterColumn.png

ALTER OPTION

images/alterOption.png

Example ALTER

ALTER FOREIGN TABLE "customer" OPTIONS (ADD CARDINALITY 10000);
ALTER FOREIGN TABLE "customer" ALTER COLUMN "name" OPTIONS(SET UPDATABLE FALSE)

ALTER statements are especially useful, when user would like to modify/enhance the metadata that has been imported from a NATIVE datasource. For example, if you have a database called "northwind", and you imported that metadata and would like to add CARDINALITY to its "customer" table, you can use ALTER statement, along with "chainable" metadata repositories feature to add this property to the desired table. The below shows an example -vdb.xml file, that illustrates the usage.

Example VDB

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<vdb name="northwind" version="1">
    <model name="nw">
        <property name="importer.importKeys" value="true"/>
        <property name="importer.importProcedures" value="true"/>
         <source name="northwind-connector" translator-name="mysql" connection-jndi-name="java:/nw-ds"/>
         <metadata type = "NATIVE,DDL"><![CDATA[
              ALTER FOREIGN TABLE "customer" OPTIONS (ADD CARDINALITY 10000);
              ALTER FOREIGN TABLE "customer" ALTER COLUMN "name" OPTIONS(SET UPDATABLE FALSE);
         ]]>
         </metadata>
    </model>
</vdb>

Data Types

The following are the supported data types in the Teiid.

images/datatypes.png

Namespaces for Extension Metadata

When defining the extension metadata in the case of Custom Translators, the properties on tables/views/procedures/columns can define namespace for the properties such that they will not collide with the Teiid specific properties. The property should be prefixed with alias of the Namespace. Prefixes starting with teiid_ are reserved for use by Teiid.

images/create_namespace.jpg

Example of Namespace

SET NAMESPACE 'http://custom.uri' AS foo

CREATE VIEW MyView (...) OPTIONS ("foo:mycustom-prop" 'anyvalue')

Built-in Namespace Prefixes

Prefix	URI	Description
teiid_rel	http://www.teiid.org/ext/relational/2012	Relational extensions. Uses include function and native query metadata
teiid_sf	http://www.teiid.org/translator/salesforce/2012	Salesforce extensions.

Prefix

URI

Description

teiid_rel

http://www.teiid.org/ext/relational/2012

Relational extensions. Uses include function and native query metadata

teiid_sf

http://www.teiid.org/translator/salesforce/2012

Salesforce extensions.

Full Example showing above DDL based metadata

Full Example VDB with View Definition

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<vdb name="twitter" version="1">

    <description>Shows how to call Web Services</description>

    <model name="twitter">
        <source name="twitter" translator-name="rest" connection-jndi-name="java:/twitterDS"/>
    </model>
    <model name="twitterview" type="VIRTUAL">
         <metadata type="DDL"><![CDATA[
             CREATE VIRTUAL PROCEDURE getTweets(query varchar) RETURNS (created_on varchar(25), from_user varchar(25), to_user varchar(25),
                 profile_image_url varchar(25), source varchar(25), text varchar(140)) AS
                select tweet.* from
                    (call twitter.invokeHTTP(action => 'GET', endpoint =>querystring(",query as "q"))) w,
                    XMLTABLE('results' passing JSONTOXML('myxml', w.result) columns
                    created_on string PATH 'created_at',
                    from_user string PATH 'from_user',
                    to_user string PATH 'to_user',
                    profile_image_url string PATH 'profile_image_url',
                    source string PATH 'source',
                    text string PATH 'text') tweet;
                CREATE VIEW Tweet AS select * FROM twitterview.getTweets;
        ]]> </metadata>
    </model>

    <translator name="rest" type="ws">
        <property name="DefaultBinding" value="HTTP"/>
        <property name="DefaultServiceMode" value="MESSAGE"/>
    </translator>
</vdb>

DDL Metadata

DDL Metadata

DDL Metadata in VDB Models

BNF notation for the Metadata

Create FOREIGN Table

Create View

CONSTRAINTS

INSTEAD OF TRIGGERS

Create Procedure/Function

Options

ALTER Statement

ALTER COLUMN

ALTER OPTION

Data Types

Namespaces for Extension Metadata

Built-in Namespace Prefixes

Full Example showing above DDL based metadata

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